Blog Post

When Free Cooling is hardy free

Willem Ybema • Jan 04, 2021

An often misunderstood concept

The writer of Sherlock Homles, Arthur Conan Doyle, wrote in The Boscombe Valley Mystery: "There is nothing more deceptive than an obvious fact". In the last years, we have been overloaded with new terms that that can be called deceiving. There is little less down to earth than "cloud computing" and in current implementations there is little free in "free cooling".

Free Cooling refers to the concept that you can cool an IT environment, most notably a data center, just using the outside air temperature. Therefore it sounds a lot like just opening up the window to let the heat out. Alas, it is a lot more complicated but let me bring is down to the most simple of terms: free cooling is when you do not need engage chiller capacity through the use of a compressor to cool the return coolant further and the outside air temperature is sufficiently low as to cool the coolant to the required level.

So all depends on the required return temperature. So to cool an office building and keep it at 20 / 22 degrees centigrade, the required return temperature is often set at 6 degrees. So if you pass air through a heat exchange the output air will be around 12 degrees and that is low enough to cool the building in summer to about 20 degrees. 

Data centers tend to be warmer than office buildings but the outside temperature also needs to be significantly lower than the required return temperature to be able to reach free cooling levels. Generally speaking, the outside temperature needs to be at least 9 degrees before we can speak of free cooling, preferably lower. The temperature in the Netherlands is on average 10 degrees and rising. So you will have 3 months with days and nights of lower temperatures but in the vast majority of the time, the compressors of those sturdy chillers need to do there work. 

And so free cooling is seldom free in conventional implementations.

... and how do you solve the issue, you might ask. Well, "elementary my dear Watson" - raise the required return temperature! How to address this, is the subject of another blog post.

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By Willem Ybema 04 Jan, 2021
The writer of Sherlock Homles, Arthur Conan Doyle, wrote in The Boscombe Valley Mystery: "There is nothing more deceptive than an obvious fact". In the last years, we have been overloaded with new terms that that can be called deceiving. There is little less down to earth than "cloud computing" and in current implementations there is little free in "free cooling". Free Cooling refers to the concept that you can cool an IT environment, most notably a data center, just using the outside air temperature. Therefore it sounds a lot like just opening up the window to let the heat out. Alas, it is a lot more complicated but let me bring is down to the most simple of terms: free cooling is when you do not need engage chiller capacity through the use of a compressor to cool the return coolant further and the outside air temperature is sufficiently low as to cool the coolant to the required level. So all depends on the required return temperature. So to cool an office building and keep it at 20 / 22 degrees centigrade, the required return temperature is often set at 6 degrees. So if you pass air through a heat exchange the output air will be around 12 degrees and that is low enough to cool the building in summer to about 20 degrees. Data centers tend to be warmer than office buildings but the outside temperature also needs to be significantly lower than the required return temperature to be able to reach free cooling levels. Generally speaking, the outside temperature needs to be at least 9 degrees before we can speak of free cooling, preferably lower. The temperature in the Netherlands is on average 10 degrees and rising. So you will have 3 months with days and nights of lower temperatures but in the vast majority of the time, the compressors of those sturdy chillers need to do there work. And so free cooling is seldom free in conventional implementations. ... and how do you solve the issue, you might ask. Well, "elementary my dear Watson" - raise the required return temperature! How to address this, is the subject of another blog post.
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